Bismillah Khan: The Maestro of Shehnai

Bismillah Khan (1916-2006)

Bismillah Khan (1916–2006) was an exceptional Indian musician who is widely celebrated as one of the greatest shehnai players in the world.

His unmatched mastery and distinctive style of playing propelled the shehnai, a traditional wind instrument from India, to immense recognition.

By showcasing the true brilliance of the shehnai, a humble wind instrument belonging to the oboe family, Bismillah Khan indeed played a pivotal role.

His remarkable contributions transformed this once-regarded folk instrument into a recognized classical instrument.

The shehnai not only captivated the hearts of music enthusiasts in Asia but also garnered widespread admiration from millions of Westerners.

They discovered and embraced the incredible potential of the shehnai, thanks to Ustad Bismillah Khan, a phenomenal classical musician, who mesmerized music enthusiasts with his mastery.

He holds a special place in the hearts of people, and his legacy will be cherished forever.

In this article, we will explore his early life, education, and illustrious career, as well as the awards and recognition he received.

So, let’s dive right in and discover the incredible journey of this extraordinary artist.

Early Life

Born on March 21, 1916, in Dumraon, British India, Bismillah Khan belonged to a family of traditional Muslim musicians.

Coming from a family with a rich musical heritage, his ancestors were esteemed musicians in the courts of the princely states of Bhojpur.

His father, Paigambar Bux Khan, served as a court musician in the Dumraon Estate of Bihar under Maharaja Keshav Prasad Singh.

The musical legacy extended to his grandfathers, Ustad Salar Hussain Khan and Rasool Bux Khan, who were also musicians in the Dumraon palace.

Originally, he was given the name Qamaruddin to match his elder brother’s name, Shamsuddin.

However, when his grandfather, Rasool Baksh Khan, saw the newborn baby, he exclaimed the word “Bismillah” in awe.

From that moment on, he became known as Bismillah Khan.

Journey Into Music

Bismillah grew up watching his father play the wind instrument and became obsessed with it.

When he was only three years old, he relocated to Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to become an apprentice to his maternal uncle, Ali Bux ‘Vilayatu’ Khan, a skilled shehnai player affiliated with the Kashi Vishwanath Temple.

Young Bismillah revered his uncle as his Guru and dedicated himself to learning every aspect of playing the instrument.

As a little boy, he would observe his uncles practicing and singing hymns at a nearby temple.

Bismillah often accompanied his uncle Ali Baksh to the Vishwanath Temple in Varanasi.

He received extensive shehnai lessons and would practice tirelessly, even composing his own melodies.

When Bismillah was 14 years old, he accompanied his uncle to the Allahabad music conference. In the audience was the legendary vocalist Ustad Faiyaz Khan.

Impressed by their performance, Ustad Faiyaz Khan advised Bismillah to work hard, and he followed the advice diligently.

Bismillah Khan’s dedication and passion for his craft led him to become a virtuoso in his field.

The Musical Career of Bismillah Khan

Bismillah Khan embarked on his career by performing at various stage shows.

However, his breakthrough came in 1937, when he had the opportunity to play at the All India Music Conference in Calcutta.

This mesmerizing performance brought the Shehnai into the spotlight and garnered immense appreciation from music enthusiasts.

Khan, a devout Muslim, performed at both Hindu and Muslim ceremonies, symbolizing religious harmony.

His fame soared when he received the honor of performing at Delhi’s historic Red Fort during India’s moment of independence on August 15, 1947.

Thereafter, his music became a regular feature on television every Independence Day.

Although he declined invitations to perform in other countries until 1966, he eventually agreed to play at the Edinburgh International Festival, organized by the Indian government.

This marked his introduction to the Western audience, and he continued to perform in Europe and North America with great success.

From there, Bismillah Khan’s fame transcended borders as he showcased his talent in numerous countries, such as the USA and Canada.

He also staged his shehnai performances in Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, West Africa, Japan, Hong Kong, and various parts of Europe.

Throughout his illustrious career, he graced many prestigious events worldwide.

Some notable examples include the World Exposition in Montreal, the Cannes Art Festival, and the Osaka Trade Fair.

Bismillah Khan’s Journey in Cinema

Bismillah Khan, the legendary shehnai player, showcased his immense talent not only in the world of music but also made a mark in the realm of Indian cinema.

His extraordinary contributions to the cinematic world added a new dimension to the film industry.

From captivating melodies to soul-stirring compositions, Bismillah Khan’s presence in cinema was nothing short of magical.

Goonj Uthi Shehnai

In the Hindi film ‘Goonj Uthi Shehnai,’ the shehnai recitals by Bismillah Khan himself resonated with audiences, creating an unforgettable cinematic experience.

It also featured performances by other renowned musicians like Abdul Halim Jaffar Khan and Amir Khan.

The movie later became a blockbuster, leaving an indelible mark on the hearts of the viewers.

With its mesmerizing music composed by Vasant Desai, ‘Goonj Uthi Shehnai’ stands as a testament to Bismillah Khan’s mastery.

Undoubtedly, the music and Bismillah’s performance highlight his ability to captivate audiences through the silver screen.

Sanaadi Appanna

Bismillah Khan’s cinematic journey continued with the Kannada film ‘Sanaadi Appanna.’

In this remarkable film, Bismillah Khan, along with his troupe, immersed themselves in the creation of music.

Interestingly, the music they created perfectly complemented the story of a rural shehnai artist portrayed by Dr. Rajkumar.

Their collaboration later resulted in a cinematic masterpiece, with the music composed by G. K. Venkatesh leaving a lasting impact on the audience.

Sange Meel Se Mulaqat

Furthermore, Bismillah Khan’s life and musical legacy were beautifully captured in the documentary ‘Sange Meel Se Mulaqat.’

Directed by Goutam Ghose, this documentary certainly provided a glimpse into the maestro’s journey.

It showcased his humble beginnings as a young shehnai player and his ascent to becoming one of India’s greatest musical treasures.

Through interviews and personal anecdotes, ‘Sange Meel Se Mulaqat’ sheds light on Bismillah Khan’s growth and musical brilliance.

It also highlighted his invaluable contributions to the worlds of music and cinema.

In short, Bismillah Khan’s remarkable journey in cinema serves as a testament to his versatility and artistic genius.

It highlights his ability to touch the hearts of people through his magical performances, whether on the stage or on the silver screen.

His presence in the cinematic world continues to inspire and awe audiences, leaving an everlasting legacy that will be cherished for generations to come.

Bismillah Khan’s Enduring Legacy

In the post-independence era, Bismillah Khan stood as the unrivaled maestro of shehnai recitals, upholding the rich heritage of classical music through his soulful performances.

A true artist and music aficionado, he held the firm belief that music would endure even if the world itself were to perish.

With a profound sense of unity, Bismillah Khan transcended religious boundaries, using his music to spread the message of brotherhood among Hindus and Muslims.

Above all, his resounding proclamation echoed throughout: Music knows no caste.

Despite attaining immense fame, Bismillah Khan remained deeply rooted in his origins.

He never sought wealth or material possessions, choosing instead to lead a modest life amidst the sacred city of Benares.

Such was his love for his hometown that he declined a tempting offer of a permanent Visa to settle in the United States, staying loyal to his cherished Benares.

Embracing Unity

Bismillah Khan not only emphasized the harmony between Hindus and Muslims but also exemplified it in his own life.

Despite being a devout Shia Muslim, he fervently worshipped the Hindu Goddess Saraswati, showcasing his deep respect for different faiths.

What’s more intriguing is an enchanting tale that hints at a possible encounter between the maestro and Lord Krishna himself!

The story unfolds during a train journey when Bismillah Khan was traveling from Jamshedpur to Varanasi for a religious concert.

Amidst the passengers, his keen eyes caught sight of a young boy with a dusky complexion holding a flute in his hands.

To his amazement, the boy began playing a mesmerizing tune, one that the seasoned musician couldn’t identify.

Recognizing the divine essence in the young boy’s music, Bismillah Khan requested that he repeat the enchanting melody time and again.

Upon arriving in Varanasi, the maestro astounded his contemporaries by playing the same tune he had learned from the mysterious young boy.

When questioned about the newfound “raaga,” Ustad Bismillah Khan humbly revealed that he named it “Kanhaira.”

Awards and Honors

Bismillah Khan, the renowned shehnai maestro, was honored with numerous awards throughout his illustrious career. Let’s take a look at the notable accolades he received:

Bharat Ratna: In 2001

Bismillah Khan was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honor. This prestigious recognition celebrated his exceptional contributions to the field of music.

Padma Vibhushan: In 1980

He was bestowed with the Padma Vibhushan, the country’s second-highest civilian award. This honor acknowledged his remarkable artistry and profound impact on Indian classical music.

Padma Bhushan: 1968

Recognizing his remarkable talent and dedication, Bismillah Khan received the Padma Bhushan in 1968. This esteemed award highlighted his significant contributions to the cultural heritage of the nation.

Padma Shri: In 1961

Bismillah Khan was honored with the Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian award. This prestigious accolade celebrated his mastery of the shehnai and his invaluable musical contributions.

Sangeet Natak Akademi Award: 1956

He received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award from India’s National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama. This esteemed recognition highlighted his exceptional artistry and his influential role in promoting Indian classical music.

Tansen Award:

The government of Madhya Pradesh honored Bismillah Khan with the Tansen Award for his extraordinary contributions to the realm of music.

This award acknowledged his unparalleled expertise and his dedication to preserving and enriching the heritage of Indian classical music.

Talar Mausiquee: In 1992

Bismillah Khan was presented with the Talar Mausiquee award by the Republic of Iran.

This international recognition celebrated his musical brilliance and his ability to create a harmonious blend of cultures through his mesmerizing performances.

These prestigious awards are a testament to Bismillah Khan’s unparalleled talent, unwavering dedication, and profound impact on the world of music.

Bismillah Khan: Awards and Recognition

Year	Award
1956	Sangeet Natak Akademi Award by India’s National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama
1961	Padma Shri, the nation’s fourth-highest civilian award
1980	Padma Vibhushan, the nation’s second-highest civilian award
1992	Talar Mausiquee from Republic of Iran
2001	Bharat Ratna, the nation’s highest civilian award

Recognitions Received by Bismillah Khan!

Bismillah Khan was bestowed with honorary doctorates from esteemed institutions, including Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi and Visva Bharati University in Santiniketan.

In recognition of Bismillah Khan’s profound impact on music, theater, and dance, the Sangeet Natak Akademi in New Delhi established the Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar in 2007. This prestigious award honors young artists who display remarkable talent.

In addition, he had the privilege of being invited by the then Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, to play the shehnai at the historic first Independence Day celebration at Delhi’s Red Fort on August 15, 1947. This momentous occasion also marked a significant highlight in Bismillah Khan’s illustrious career.

Bismillah Khan’s talent and contributions were also recognized on the international stage. He actively participated in renowned events such as the World Exposition in Montreal, the Cannes Art Festival, and the Osaka Trade Fair.

In honor of his remarkable legacy, India Post issued commemorative postage stamps on August 21, 2008, with a denomination of ₹5.00.

Recognizing the importance of Bismillah Khan’s birthplace, the Government of Bihar proposed establishing a museum, a town hall-cum-library, and a life-size statue in Dumraon.

Furthermore, on Bismillah Khan’s 102nd birth anniversary, the popular search engine Google paid tribute to him. Specifically, Google featured a special doodle on its Indian home page on March 21, 2018. The doodle showcased his enduring impact on music.

Bismillah Khan’s influence and legacy transcend traditional Indian music.

In the documentary film “Eric Clapton: Life in 12 Bars,” renowned guitarist Eric Clapton acknowledges Bismillah Khan as an inspiration. He shares how he attempted to recreate the sound of Khan’s woodwind instrument with his guitar.

These prestigious recognitions and tributes demonstrate the immense respect and admiration for Bismillah Khan’s exceptional artistry and profound influence on Indian classical music.

Personal Life and Death

Bismillah Khan lived a simple life that endeared him to others. He preferred humble meals like rice and dal and traveled around on a cycle rickshaw.

Bismillah Khan cherished the company of his large family, which included not only his five biological sons but also an adopted daughter. This expanded family brought him the joy of raising grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

Bismillah Khan believed that his exceptional talent was bestowed upon him by Lord Shiva, whom he affectionately referred to as “nath.”

He also believed that he had attained a level of mastery that posed a challenge in transmitting to his disciples.

Moreover, he believed that the knowledge he could impart would only provide them with a glimpse of his remarkable abilities.

As a result, Khan seldom accepted students. S. Ballesh, Krishna Ballesh, and his own sons, Nazim Hussain and Nayyar Hussain, were among his disciples and followers.

On March 17, 2006, Bismillah Khan’s health declined, and he was admitted to Heritage Hospital in Varanasi for treatment. Sadly, his final wish to perform at India Gate could not be fulfilled.

He had hoped to pay tribute to the martyrs but waited in vain until his last rites. On August 21, 2006, at the age of 90, Ustad Bismillah Khan eventually passed away after suffering from a cardiac arrest.

Hence, the Indian government declared a day of national mourning to honor his death.

Bismillah Khan’s body, accompanied by his beloved Shehnai, was laid to rest at the Fatemaan burial ground in old Varanasi beneath a neem tree. A 21-gun salute by the Indian Army marked the solemn occasion.

Revised List of Albums of Bismillah Khan

Bismillah Khan’s captivating shehnai performances take center stage in these albums, showcasing his mastery and musical brilliance.

Each album offers a unique and enchanting experience, highlighting the versatility and artistry of this legendary musician.

Bismillah Khan’s 70’s–80’s Album

Shehnai Legend (CD, Album): T-Series
Shehnai (Cassette, Album, Stereo)-His Master’s Voice (1978)
Shehnai (Ahir Bhairav/Bhimpalasi)-His Master’s Voice, His Master’s Voice (1978)
Bilaskhani Todi, Rageshree, and Dhun (LP) – His Master’s Voice (1981)
Shehnai, EMI, His Master’s Voice (1982)
Ustad Bismillah Khan And Party (LP, Album) – His Master’s Voice (1983)
Shehnai: His Master’s Voice, His Master’s Voice (1984)
Shaadi Ki Shehnaiyan No. 1 (Cassette, Album) EMI (1988)
Shaadi Ki Shehnaiyan No. 2 (Cassette, Album) EMI (1988)
Subramaniam, With Ustad Bismillah Khan and Party, Live In Geneva (LP, Stereo) – CBS Gramophone Records & Tapes (India) Ltd. (1989)

Bismillah Khan’s 90’s -20’s Album

Vibrant Sounds Of Shenai (CD, Album) – Oriental Records, Ancient & Modern Sound, Oriental Records, Ancient & Modern Sound (1990)
Vibrant Sounds Of Shenai (CD) – Oriental Records (1990)
Ragas Bhimpalasi, Khambaj & Bhairavi (CD, Album) – Chhanda Dhara (1994)
Shehnai Recital (CD, Album) – Venus (12) (1994)
Shehnai Fantasia (SCI, T-Series) (1995)
Shaan-E-Shehnai – Vol. 12 (Cassette, Album) – T-Series (1995)
Shehnai Virtuoso (CD) – T-Series (1995)
Shehnai Ki Bahaar – T-Series (1995)
Sublime Notes (CD, Album) – T-Series (1995)
Divine Shehnai – T-Series (1995)
Glory Of Shehnai (CD, Album) – T-Series (1995)
Enchanting Shehnai – T-Series (1995)
Shehnai Ecstasy (CD, Album) – T-Series (1995)
Shehnai ‘N’ Moods – T-Series (1997)
Ragas Kedar & Rageshwari (CD, Album, Reissue) – Sony Nād, Navras (2006)

The iconic shehnai player, Bismillah Khan, takes center stage in these albums with his mesmerizing performances. Undeniably, he showcases his mastery of the shehnai and his ability to enchant listeners with his soulful melodies.

His contributions to these recordings have undoubtedly left an indelible mark on the world of music.

Bismillah Khan’s Singles and EPs

The singles and EPs feature Bismillah Khan’s captivating shehnai performances, showcasing his mastery and musical brilliance.

Altogether, each recording offers a unique experience, allowing listeners to appreciate the beauty and intricacies of his music.

The revised list of Bismillah Khan’s singles & EPs is as follows:

शहनाई – पूर्बी धुन (Shellac, 10″, 78 RPM) – His Master’s Voice (1940)
शहनाई – ललित / शहनाई – मारू बिहाग (Shellac, 10″, 78 RPM) – His Master’s Voice (1951)
शहनाई – बसंत बहार / धुन (Shellac, 10″, 78 RPM) – His Master’s Voice (1957)
Goonj Uthi Shehnai = गूँज उठी शहनाई (Shellac, 10″, 78 RPM) – His Master’s Voice (1960)
Ustad Bismillah Khan And Party, Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan – Goonj Uthi Shehnai = गूँज उठी शहनाई (Shellac, 10″, 78 RPM) – His Master’s Voice (1960)
Amir Khan & Ustad Bismillah Khan And Party – Goonj Uthi Shehnai (Shellac, 10″, 78 RPM) – His Master’s Voice (1960)
Goonj Uthi Shehnai = गूँज उठी शहनाई (Shellac, 10″, 78 RPM) – His Master’s Voice (1960)
Ustad Bismillah Khan And Party, Amir Khan – Goonj Uthi Shehnai = गूँज उठी शहनाई (Shellac, 10″, 78 RPM) – His Master’s Voice (1960)

These recordings are a testament to Bismillah Khan’s extraordinary talent and his ability to enchant listeners with his soulful shehnai performances.

Bismillah Khan Biography in View

Birth name	Qamaruddin Khan
Born	21 March 1916
Birthplace	Dumraon, Shahabad district, Bihar and Orissa Province, British India
Occupation	Musician
Genre	Indian classical music
Instrument	Shehnai
Died	21 August 2006
Place of death	Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

Final Note

Indeed, Bismillah Khan, an extraordinary Indian musician, is widely acclaimed as one of the greatest shehnai players globally.

Undoubtedly, he immensely contributed to Indian classical music by popularizing the shehnai as a solo instrument and bringing it into the spotlight.

While traditionally used in North Indian weddings and religious ceremonies, Khan’s performances demonstrated the shehnai’s versatility and expressive capabilities.

Millions of people worldwide were deeply moved by Bismillah Khan’s music, which continues to inspire generations of musicians with its soulful and mesmerizing qualities.

We will always remember his legacy as a master shehnai player and his invaluable contributions to Indian classical music.

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